Media has a substantial impact on the public perception of events. A one-sided or polarizing perspective on any topic is usually described as media bias. One of the ways how bias in news articles can be introduced is by altering word choice. Biased word choices are not always obvious, nor do they exhibit high context-dependency. Hence, detecting bias is often difficult. We propose a Transformer-based deep learning architecture trained via Multi-Task Learning using six bias-related data sets to tackle the media bias detection problem. Our best-performing implementation achieves a macro $F_{1}$ of 0.776, a performance boost of 3\% compared to our baseline, outperforming existing methods. Our results indicate Multi-Task Learning as a promising alternative to improve existing baseline models in identifying slanted reporting.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

Neural information retrieval (IR) systems have progressed rapidly in recent years, in large part due to the release of publicly available benchmarking tasks. Unfortunately, some dimensions of this progress are illusory: the majority of the popular IR benchmarks today focus exclusively on downstream task accuracy and thus conceal the costs incurred by systems that trade away efficiency for quality. Latency, hardware cost, and other efficiency considerations are paramount to the deployment of IR systems in user-facing settings. We propose that IR benchmarks structure their evaluation methodology to include not only metrics of accuracy, but also efficiency considerations such as a query latency and the corresponding cost budget for a reproducible hardware setting. For the popular IR benchmarks MS MARCO and XOR-TyDi, we show how the best choice of IR system varies according to how these efficiency considerations are chosen and weighed. We hope that future benchmarks will adopt these guidelines toward more holistic IR evaluation.

We propose a routing algorithm that takes a sequence of vectors and computes a new sequence with specified length and vector size. Each output vector maximizes "bang per bit," the difference between a net benefit to use and net cost to ignore data, by better predicting the input vectors. We describe output vectors as geometric objects, as latent variables that assign credit, as query states in a model of associative memory, and as agents in a model of a Society of Mind. We implement the algorithm with optimizations that reduce parameter count, computation, and memory use by orders of magnitude, enabling us to route sequences of greater length than previously possible. We evaluate our implementation on natural language and visual classification tasks, obtaining competitive or state-of-the-art accuracy and end-to-end credit assignments that are interpretable.

The upcoming exascale era will provide a new generation of physics simulations. These simulations will have a high spatiotemporal resolution, which will impact the training of machine learning models since storing a high amount of simulation data on disk is nearly impossible. Therefore, we need to rethink the training of machine learning models for simulations for the upcoming exascale era. This work presents an approach that trains a neural network concurrently to a running simulation without storing data on a disk. The training pipeline accesses the training data by in-memory streaming. Furthermore, we apply methods from the domain of continual learning to enhance the generalization of the model. We tested our pipeline on the training of a 3d autoencoder trained concurrently to laser wakefield acceleration particle-in-cell simulation. Furthermore, we experimented with various continual learning methods and their effect on the generalization.

Dysgraphia, a handwriting learning disability, has a serious negative impact on children's academic results, daily life and overall wellbeing. Early detection of dysgraphia allows for an early start of a targeted intervention. Several studies have investigated dysgraphia detection by machine learning algorithms using a digital tablet. However, these studies deployed classical machine learning algorithms with manual feature extraction and selection as well as binary classification: either dysgraphia or no dysgraphia. In this work, we investigated fine grading of handwriting capabilities by predicting SEMS score (between 0 and 12) with deep learning. Our approach provide accuracy more than 99% and root mean square error lower than one, with automatic instead of manual feature extraction and selection. Furthermore, we used smart pen called SensoGrip, a pen equipped with sensors to capture handwriting dynamics, instead of a tablet, enabling writing evaluation in more realistic scenarios.

我们提出的方法可以并联有效分类分类。我们的方法将与语义树中给定的节点相对应的一批分类分数和标签转换为与与祖先路径中所有节点相对应的分数和标签硬件加速器。我们在当前的硬件加速器上实现了我们的方法，并用一棵树结合了WordNet 3.0中的所有英语综合体，涵盖了20级的深度，涵盖117,659个类。我们将一批分数和标签转换为各自的祖先路径，从而产生可忽略不计的计算，并且在数据的足迹上仅消耗固定的0.04GB内存。

为了了解材料特性的起源，三轴光谱仪（TAS）处的中子散射实验通过测量其动量（Q）和能量（E）空间中的强度分布来研究样品中的磁和晶格激发。但是，TAS实验的高需求和有限的光束时间可用性提出了自然的问题，即我们是否可以提高其效率或更好地利用实验者的时间。实际上，使用TAS，有许多科学问题需要在Q-E空间的特定区域中搜索感兴趣的信号，但是当手动完成时，这是耗时且效率低下的，因为测量点可能会放置在此类的无信息区域中作为背景。主动学习是一种有前途的通用机器学习方法，可以迭代地检测自主信号的信息区域，即不受人类干扰，从而避免了不必要的测量并加快实验。此外，自主模式允许实验者在此期间专注于其他相关任务。我们在本文中描述的方法利用了对数高斯过程，由于对数转换，该过程在信号区域中具有最大的近似不确定性。因此，将不确定性最大化为采集功能，因此直接产生了信息测量的位置。我们证明了我们方法对在Themal Tas Eiger（PSI）进行真实中子实验的结果的好处，以及在合成环境中基准的结果，包括许多不同的激发。

高尺寸的物体的形状指标仍然很稀疏。那些确实存在的人，例如超体积，仍然仅限于更好地理解的物体，例如柏拉图固体和$ n $ ipubes。此外，了解较高维度不确定形状的对象充其量是模棱两可的。过去的工作没有提供单个数字来给予对象的定性理解。例如，主要组件分析的特征值会导致$ n $指标来描述对象的形状。因此，我们需要一个可以区分彼此形状不同的对象的单个数字。先前的工作已经为特定维度（例如两个或三个维度）开发了形状指标。但是，有机会为任何所需的维度开发指标。为此，我们在给定数量的维度中为对象提供了两个新的形状指标：超球性和超形比例（SP）。我们以多种不同形状在内的包括$ n $ balls的形状来探索这些指标的专有。然后，我们将这些指标连接到分析多维数据（例如流行IRIS数据集）形状的应用。

对任何人类语言的文本的语法分析通常涉及许多基本的处理任务，例如令牌化，形态标记和依赖性解析。最先进的系统可以在具有大数据集的语言上实现这些任务的高精度，但是对于几乎没有带注释的数据的他的他加禄语等语言的结果很差。为了解决他加禄语语言的此问题，我们研究了在没有带注释的他加禄语数据的情况下使用辅助数据源来创建特定于任务模型的使用。我们还探索了单词嵌入和数据扩展的使用，以提高性能，而只有少量带注释的他加禄语数据可用。我们表明，与最先进的监督基线相比，这些零射击和几乎没有射击的方法在对域内和域外的塔加尔teact文本进行了语法分析方面进行了实质性改进。